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12 Inheritance

Inheritance, Core Javatestinganswers.com
Inheritance is a mechanism that allows classes to inherit the attributes of an existing class. It is used in situations where the subclass (which inherit attributes) is a subset of the superclass, whose attributes are Inherited. For example, suppose there are three classes of employee, developer, and tester. In this case, both developers and testers are employees. Here, the employee class can define generic attributes of employees. Specific attributes of developers can be defined in the developer class, while specific attributes of testers can be defined in the tester class. Both developer and tester are subclasses while an employee is…

11 Constructors & Enum

CONSTRUCTORS & ENUM, Core Javatestinganswers.com39 Comments
11.1 | Constructors   Constructor declarations are similar to method declarations. However, the constructors’ names must be the same as the class name and it cannot return a value. The main objective of a constructor is to set the initial state of an object. When the object is created by using the new operator. The following code shows how to declare constructors with and without input parameters.       11.2 | ENUM   Enum is a Java keyword used to represent a fixed number of well-known values. For example, the number of days in a week, the number of…

10 Class and Methods

10 Class and Methods, Core Javatestinganswers.com9 Comments
10.1 | Class A class is a template from which objects are created. A class declaration typically contains a set of attributes (instance variables) and functions (methods).     10.2 | Methods In Java, functions, and procedures are called methods. Methods can include zero or more input parameters and zero or one return parameter. The following code shows some method declarations. An arithmetic class has two methods printSum and getSum. method printSum has two input parameters both of integer type and no return parameter. while method getSum has two integer type input parameters and one integer type return parameter.      …

09.3 Control Flow

09 Control Flow Part-3, Core Javatestinganswers.com2 Comments
9.3 | Transfer Statement Java provides six language constructs to transfer control or exit loops in a program. break continue return try …catch …finally throw assert   break …statement   break …statement terminates a loop.   For example, the following code showed how to terminate a while and for a loop.   continue …statement continue …statement exits the current iteration and starts executing the next iteration. For example, the following code prints all numbers except number 3. return …statement return …statement stops code execution of a method and transfer control back to the calling code. try …catch …finally …statement try…

09.2 Control Flow

Control Flow Part-2, Core Javatestinganswers.com
9.2 | Looping Statements Java supports four looping statements. for…statement for each…statement while…statement do-while…statement   for …statement   It executes a block of code a specified number of times.      For example – the code below prints numbers from 1 to 9.   for…each statement   It executes a block of code for each item in a collection or each element in an array.   For example – the code below prints all numbers in an array.     while…statement   It executes a block of code while or until the condition is true.   For example – The…

09.1 Control Flow

Control Flow Part-1, Core Javatestinganswers.com
Java, like any other programming language, supports both conditional and loop statements to control code flow.   9.1 | Conditional Statements   In Java, we have four conditional statements: 1. if(condition=true){}: Execute a set of code when the specified condition is true.  2. if(condition=true){}else{}: Execute first block of code when the specified condition is true else executes the second block of code.  3. if(condition1=true){}elseif{condition2=true}{}else{}: Execute the first block of code for which the condition is true. If no condition is found true and else block exists, then this block of code is executed. If no condition is found true and…

08 Arrays

Arrays, Core Javatestinganswers.com
8.1 | Arrays An array is a data structure that stores a collection of values of the same data type. Values stored in the array are accessible through the array index //Declaring an array of integers int arr1[];   //Creating an integer array with values int[] arr0 = {2,3,4,5,6,7};   //Creating an integer array which can hold 100 integers int arr2[] = new int[100]; //Or, int arraySize = 100; int arr3[] = new int[arraySize]; //Assigning values to the array arr3[0] = 1; arr3[1] = 2; //Creating a string array which can hold 100 values String arr4[] = new String[100];  …

07 Data Types, Literals, Variables, Expressions, and Operators

Data Types, Core Java, Expressions and Operators, Literals, Variablestestinganswers.com
7.1 | Data Types   Each variable declaration in Java must define the data type of the variable. The data type defines what values a variable can store. The variable type can be as follows: One of the eight basic primitive data types An Array The name of a class The eight primitive data types hold values for integers, floating-point numbers, characters, and boolean values. They are called primitive because they are built into the system and are not actual objects. This makes them more efficient to use.   Data Type Width (bits) Minimum value/ Maximum value boolean NA True, false…

06 Introduction to Java

Introduction to Java, Core Javatestinganswers.com2 Comments
Java is an object-oriented programming language (OOP) developed by Sun Microsystems, which enables programmers to create flexible, modular, and reusable codes. The important feature of OOP language which help programmers achieve this are encapsulation, polymorphism, and inheritance.  Encapsulation: It is a mechanism that binds together codes and data and manipulates to keep the code safe from outside interference and misuse. Java implements encapsulation by defining the accessibility condition of variables, methods, and classes (private, protected, and public). Java’s basic unit of encapsulation is class. A class specifies the data and the code that will operate on the data. A class…