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Hey there! Today, we’re going to learn about designing modular and scalable software systems. Imagine you’re building with LEGO blocks. Each block is like a piece of your software, and you can put them together in different ways to create something amazing. Let’s dive in! What is Modular Design? Modular Design means breaking down a big system into smaller, manageable pieces called modules. Each module does one specific thing, like a LEGO piece that fits perfectly in a particular spot. Benefits: What is Scalability? Scalability means designing your system so it can grow and handle more work without breaking. Imagine…

Imagine you have a big box of LEGO bricks. Each brick is a small part, but when you put it together, you can build something amazing like a castle or a spaceship. In programming, we use something called Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) to build big projects by combining small, manageable parts. Let’s learn how to do this using Python! Real-World Project: A Simple Library System Let’s build a small library system where you can add books, lend them to people, and return them. Step 1: Define the Classes We’ll need three main classes: Library, Book, and Member. Code Example Class Definitions…

Imagine you have a magic wand that can change how things behave without actually touching them. In Python, class decorators and metaprogramming are like that magic wand. They let us modify or enhance classes and their behavior in clever ways. Class Decorators A class decorator is a function that takes a class and returns a new class with some modifications. It’s like adding superpowers to your class without changing its original code. How to Use Class Decorators Example Let’s say we have a simple class that greets people: Here, add_super_greet is a decorator who adds a new method super_greet to…

What are Mixins? Imagine you have a bunch of LEGO bricks. Some of these bricks can be wheels, some can be windows, and some can be doors. You can add these different pieces to your basic LEGO car to give it more functionality. Similarly, in programming, mixins are like these extra pieces. They add special features to our basic classes without being full classes themselves. What is Multiple Inheritance? Now, think of mixing different flavors of ice cream to create a new flavor. Multiple inheritance is like mixing different classes to create a new class. This new class will have…

Design patterns are like recipes in a cookbook. They show us how to solve common problems in programming in a way that has worked well for others before us. Let’s dive into some popular design patterns and understand them with simple examples in Python. 1. Singleton Pattern What is it? The Singleton pattern ensures that a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it. Think of it like having only one TV remote in the house. Everyone uses the same remote to control the TV. Code Example Practice Question Question: Modify the Singleton class…